REM Sleep essays

REM Sleep essays REM, or rapid eye movement, sleep is a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as the paradoxical stage of sleep, the muscles are relaxed, except for minor twitches, during this phase. Although the muscles of the body are relaxed and considered temporarily paralyzed other systems of the body are very active. As one begins to fall asleep, the body goes through a series of changes. Gradually breathing slows, pulse rates begin to drop, and body temperature begins to decline. Quickly moving through the different stages of sleep, REM is eventually reached. While the back and forth movement of your eyes occurs (hence rapid eye movement), one enters a more active type of sleep. REM sleep is produced by the excretion of the chemical acetylcholine in the pons which is part of the brainstem. Other neurotransmitters (noradrenalin and serotonin) produced by other cells in the pons switch off the REM sleep. This formula is known as the reciprocal interac tion/activation-synthesis model. This model proposed that reciprocally interacting chemicals secreted in an elementary part of the brain that has nothing to do with complex mental functioning were responsible for the creation of dream images. Basically this is saying that the images were simply turned on and off and were not generated by any kind of motivation in the person. In this model, dreaming is simply an epiphenomenon of REM sleep. During the REM sleep, your pulse rate and breathing become irregular and the levels of adrenal and sexual hormones in your blood rise-as if you were in the middle of an intensely emotional or physically demanding activity. Muscles in the face and fingers begin to twitch, and temporary paralysis occurs within the arms and legs. The waves sent to the brain closely resemble those of an awake and active person. The Rapid Eye Movement stage tends to last from 15 to 45 ...

iGE iPhone app review - Emphasis

iGE iPhone app review iGE iPhone app review Apple boasts that there are now more than 500,000 iPhone apps available. Some are useful, and some less so (we particularly love the virtual stapler). But which camp does University College London’s Interactive Grammar of English (iGE) app fall into? For many, grammar is an alien and intimidating world of confusing concepts and unlikely vocabulary; a world they would rather avoid. But for anyone who relies on language, is there really a choice? As the app wisely states on its welcome page: ‘Quite simply, if we know how English works, then we can make better use of it.’ A logical progression The iGE is both a reference guide and an interactive course, beginning at word classes and building up logically through phrases, clauses and sentences to form, function and further reading. UCL linguistics experts developed it using research from their Survey of English Usage (SEU). The exercises use text taken from SEU’s million-word database of spoken and written English. This means the example sentences are somewhat more realistic than your typical grammar textbook (one can show only so much interest in where an aunt keeps her stationery). There is also an extensive glossary. Apparently the target market is school, college and university students, as well as learners of English as a second language. UCL Professor and Director of SEU Bas Aarts says: ‘The SEU team have developed the app in response to students and teachers who say that many existing learning tools †¦ often fail to meet their English language learning needs.’ Hold on to your hat Perhaps the worst that could be said of the resulting program is that, after it has met those needs, it promptly gallops off to a more highbrow party. On first use, the app almost feels too comprehensive. And for anyone who finds grammar daunting, it could be a little overwhelming. (Ever wanted to know the difference between syndetic and polysyndetic coordination? Well, you can find out here ) Throughout the course, technical terms are hyperlinked to their entry in the glossary, as well as to dropdown menus of related words and subjects. While cross-referencing is undoubtedly useful, the extent of it means you can easily become sidetracked amid the many layers (imagine a Russian doll of the population of Russia) and lose track of where you began. The overall verdict This aside (and it does feel churlish to complain of being given too much information), the app is intuitive to use and explains terms clearly. And you can take your time getting to grips with each part, as it will hold your place when you exit. Just a couple of notes of caution: it’s probably best to follow the course from the beginning rather than diving right into the hyperlinks and labyrinthine glossary, or you risk feeling like Alice being swallowed up by the rabbit hole. Still, if – like her – you can learn to just fall in and embrace it, you will probably also end up emerging somewhat wiser, if a little bit dazed. Score: ****

Anemia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Anemia - Research Paper Example Also, the main methods of treatment which lies in blood oxygen balance restoration or transfusion were characterized. Another way of treatment is to provide the necessary amount of iron, which is necessary for the correct functioning of hemoglobin. Anemia is a pathological condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells and (or) hemoglobin per unit volume of blood (Halwachs-Baumann, 2012). Possible to speak about anemia as a condition that is characterized by a decrease in the formation of red blood cells or an increase in their degradation, or a combination of both factors. Red blood cells and hemoglobin, which is contained in them, play an important function of transporting oxygen to the tissues. Thus, reducing the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin causes insufficient provision of oxygen to tissues. Acute posthemorrhagic anemia. Acute posthemorrhagic anemia is caused by rupture or erosion of the vessel wall through mechanical trauma, ulcerous disease of stomach, pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchiectasis. Color index = 0,85-1,1. Lack of qualitative and quantitative changes in erythrocytes is observed. Abrupt decrease in the number of circulating red blood cells causes hemic hypoxia to which kidneys respond by increased synthesis of erythropoietin. This peptide is a hormone of erythropoiesis and its role lies in stimulating the formation and maturation of erythroblasts in the bone marrow. Proliferation of erythroid sprout becomes noticeable at 4 and 6 days after hemorrhage. In the blood the number of reticulocytes and polychromatic red blood cells increases and also appears rare normocytes. These changes indicate a high regenerative ability of the bone marrow. It changes color to bright red and juicy color. Yellow fatty bone marrow turns to red one and becomes rich in erythropoie tic cells. Also, the

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Marketing Management - Essay Example Therefore, to prevent others from preying on a new product idea, entrepreneurs must seek legal protection for their great ideas. One can seek nondisclosure agreement to protect trade secrets. Similarly, there are other legal protection mechanisms such as patents, registered design, trademark, copyright and licensing among others that can be used to protect unique ideas. The nature of the product will determine the most appropriate protection measure to be taken. This paper explores suitable legal protection mechanisms for Smart Control, branding and evidence of viability. It also gives justifications for the choice of the product’s target audience. Methods of Legal Protection Available for Smart Control Patents The first appropriate legal protection choice available for our product, Smart Control is patenting. A patent refers to a legitimate monopoly issued by the government to an entrepreneur for specific time coverage (Rowland & MacDonald 2005). Patents prevent other people from commercially benefiting from other people’s product ideas, manufacturing methods as well as product functioning. A patent will be more suitable for safeguarding Smart Control because it can usually protects a product from a wider perspective compared to copyright (Galler 1995). It will disclose to the public how Smart Control works while disclosing the extent of protection to our product. Being a novel, important and inventive step, Smart Control qualifies for patenting. However, the company will need to conduct patent search to establish the products legibility for registration and avoid adverse legal issues in future. Licensing The second available option is licensing. Smart Control being an intellectual property, can be commercially exploited by television manufacturing companies as well as other devices it is designed to operate. Smart Control’s patent may be sold or mortgaged. Consequently, licensing will enable the company to allow licensees to exploit our i nvention for a fee (Lindberg 2009). Licenses can be a crucial revenue source for us. Trademark Trademark will identify and distinguish Smart Control from other similar products. Unlike copyrights, trademark law may prohibit developing similar product, which may confuse the public. As such, trademark protection will be more suitable for our product compared to copyright (Lindberg 2009). Trademark law will protect our unique mark effectively. Trade Secret Nondisclosure agreements and trade secret protection protects a new idea from being stolen by competitors (Anderman 2007). Smart Control being an iphone compatible app can easily be stolen by iphone producing companies to better their products. Trade secret protection will help to protect Smart Control from being illegally exploited by iphone companies that would wish to partner with us to deliver superior products to the consumer. Management of Brands Contemporary advertising majorly focus on brand management. Brand management refer s to the techniques aimed at establishing, promoting, and protecting the integrity of a given brand (Kapferer 2008). Commercial advertisement messages usually appeal to customers to buy a particular brand and not any other by claiming superiority. Branding eliminates any notion about the possibility of a product being generic. According to Wood (2000), brands are fundamental product differentiation strategy and must as such be managed strategically. Strategic brand management (branding) commence only after a

The issues surrounding Abortion Essay Example for Free

The issues surrounding Abortion Essay Explain how a follower of natural law might approach the issues surrounding Abortion. Natural Law, as outlined and enforced by Thomas Aquinas, says that every living thing has a purpose, and that every solution to a dilemma and every action can be solved by reasoning, which will gain you ultimate happiness. This Is linked with Aristotles idea that everyone has a specific purpose, and the Primary Precepts can help you to achieve your purpose. This is key knowledge to help with the understanding of Natural Law followers views about abortion. Human reasoning in any dilemma or problematic situation should be applied to the Primary Precepts of Natural Law. The two main precepts that are concerned in Natural Law with abortion are The Preservation of Life and Reproduction. Generally, conforming to Natural Law, the right action to take would be one that conforms to all the precepts, however with abortion it is not quite as simple. The first Precept to consider when thinking about abortion from a Natural Law followers state of mind would be Reproduction. The precept of Reproduction states that it is always right to encourage reproduction, and most nearly always wrong to prevent reproduction. Applying this to abortion would result in a follower of Natural Law believing that abortion is wrong. This is because the act of aborting a foetus, or baby, is preventing the act of reproduction, and therefore going against one of Aquinas Primary Precepts; Preservation of Life. Natural Law does not consider the people involved or most of the consequences, but more on the act of abortion itself. Reproduction as known is a Primary Precept of Natural Law, and because the act of abortion stops procreation then it is frowned upon by Natural Law followers. The act of abortion can also disturb the precept of Preservation of Life. This precept states that it is always right to help save or maintain a life, and always wrong to try and intentionally. However this is only if one believes that life begins at conception. Abortion involves taking the life of a foetus that you believe to be a human life, which in turn act against the precept of the Preservation of Life, as you not preserving life, but taking one away. However, there are a few exceptions. Aquinas Doctrine of Double effect applies these exceptions. Aquinas saw the precepts as absolutely true for every single being, and that using our reasoning can bring us to the right solution in every situation. However there are times when in order to conform to one precept, we must decide to act against another. For example; there is a pregnant woman, however for medical reasons carrying on with the pregnancy would end in her death. She has two choices, one; have the baby and end her own life or two; have an abortion and save her own life. The first solution would go against the precept of the Preservation of Life, where the second would go against both the Preservation of Life and Reproduction. In this case it is okay for a person to come to a suitable solution through reasoning, as whatever happens there will be bad consequences. However, this is only acceptable if the bad consequence is but an unwanted side effect of the action with good intent. All in all, abortion acts against two of the Primary Precepts of Natural Law, which clearly makes it a bad action. Even though there are a few exceptions, these are only in the worst of situations, and on the whole, abortion is entirely wrong according to Natural Law. A foetus is not a person Discuss. There are many different opinions and arguments as to when a Foetus becomes a person, and these all play different but key roles into solving many huge arguments. To hope to solve this argument is absurd, however the different viewpoints can be stated and analysed to find the strongest. One way in which to argue whether or not a Foetus is a person is to apply it to the criteria of Personhood. These criteria are suggested by Mary Anne Warren, and are Sentience, Emotionality, Reason, Ability to Communicate, Self-awareness and Moral agency. Conforming to these criteria would mean the a Foetus cannot be classed as a person, as it does not fit into any of these criteria. However, later on in the development of a Foetus it begins to fit into some of the criteria, such as Sentience. Could this mean that a foetus slowly becomes a person? Mary Anne Warren suggests that a Foetus is a potential person, but says that it does not have a right to life, which really does not solve any arguments as to whether or not a Foetus is a person. It is also argued that a potential life, as proposed by Mary Anne Warren, does not have any rights or privileges. This would also mean that a Foetus does not have access to human rights, and the right to life. So that begs the question, if something does not have access to human rights, is it a person?

Loss: Hamlet’s Emotional Connection Tool Essay examples -- Literary An

The Tragedy of Hamlet Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare is about a young man who is returning from his studies to mourn the death of his father. During this time he is visited by the ghost of his father and asked to avenge a â€Å"Murder most foul† (Shakespeare 1.5.33). In the play of Hamlet, we can recognize at least one element that has embroidered itself into the very fabric of modern literature: this element of particular importance is the protagonist’s ability to appeal to every viewer emotionally. In the play, the viewer develops emotional links with Hamlet following the many losses he or she witnesses, such as the loss of family, the loss of his childhood friends, the loss of trust in the world and ultimately the loss of innocence. The first loss we encounter is the loss of family; Hamlet arrives in Denmark to mourn the loss of his father. The loss of a parent affects many people very deeply, giving them in a sense of insecurity and complete sorrow. In the first scene with Hamlet, he is dressed all in black and speaks of the turmoil he feels: â€Å"O, That this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew† (1.2.133-134) This very vivid description adequately expresses the feelings experienced in times of loss. Hamlet is feeling alone now that his father is gone and his mother seems to have hastily moved on and he makes note of this in his first soliloquy: â€Å"O God, a beast that wants discourse of reason Would have mourn'd longer - married with my uncle†(1.2.154-155) Children often have difficulty with their parents remarrying following the death of the other parent. Christina Gregoire writes in her article concerning the impact of remarriage on adult children (older than eighteen), that a parent remarryi... ...changed and â€Å"The rest is silence† (5.2.395) Works Cited Bud. â€Å"Losing a Best Friend,† A Boundless World. 15 Sept. 2009. Web. 17 Jan. 2011. â€Å"Friendship or Betrayal.† http://www.echeat.com. 10 Apr. 2007. Web. 17 Jan 2011 Gregoire, Christina. â€Å"Adult Children of Divorce and New Step Parents,† Suite101. 25 Dec. 2009. Web. 17 Jan. 2011. â€Å"In the End, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends†. http://www.quotedb.com/quotes/46. Web. 17 Jan. 2011. Schneider, Arthur J. â€Å"Adult Children of Divorce and New Step Parents,† University of Missouri Extension. 2009. Web. 17 Jan. 2011. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York: Washington Square- Pocket 1992. Print. Yager, Jan. â€Å"6 Types of Toxic Friends and How You Can Deal with Them,† iVillage Health. 25 Feb. 2003. Web. 17 Jan. 2011.

Early Christian Music Essay

Singing is an essential part of worship to God. Even the creation itself was accompanied by the singing of morning stars (KJV, Job 38:7). So, music and singing were a vital part of the Israel and in the Old Testament we may find numerous confirmations of this fact. Jesus Himself sang hymns with His disciples before His sufferings (Matthew 26:30). During the Apostolic Era, singing in temple and synagogues still united the Jewish nation, and the apostles urged the believers to sing psalms, when anyone is merry (James 5:13), and in his letter to Corinthians, when he mentioned about the order in the congregation, Paul wrote that â€Å"everyone of you hath a psalm, hath a doctrine †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1-Corinth. 14:26), where psalm is mentioned first. Psalms became the primary source texts for Christian music and liturgy establishment. Christianity, which originated from the Middle East and had spread throughout the Roman Empire during the first five centuries A. D. , was founded on the basis of the Jewish religion and, therefore, its key practices, such as the sacrificial concept and worship, are rooted and were formed from the traditions and commandments of the Old Testament. The center of Church singing became Christ, the Lord. Music was not limited by canons or regulations; it was simple and exalted, joining the loving souls. Love to the Savior Jesus Christ was so deep that the first Christians were aware of the tiniest step towards worldly and pagan influence; therefore, pomp and coddle of roman music did not attracted them. The basis of singing in the early church was music of the Temple in Jerusalem – the chant of words from the Scripture. One was leading, while the whole congregation repeated him. Other Christian singings included: â€Å"speaking to [themselves] in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in [their] hearts to the Lord† (Eph. 5:19), which represented a two-part singing by-turn; being filled with the Holy Spirit, Christians were making and singing new songs, like the new song to honor the Lamb in the Revelation of John. Pliny the Younger, the Roman appointee in Bithynia, in his report to the Roman â€Å"Early Christian Music† â€Å"Page #2† Emperor 110 A. D. , had found out that the activities of Christians are not anti-social and their meetings are simple and start with singing a hymn of praise to Christ, as God. During the Roman persecution, Christians were forced to make services in catacombs – the walls of these galleries still keep the images of singers and, moreover, the texts of hymns. Monotonous music of hymns was amazing in its austerity and exaltation at the same time. Musical instruments were not allowed because of their heathen usage. On the first council of Nicaea in 325, the persecuted church became the state one. Therefore, singing and worship, staying monotonous, was supplemented with such chants as Gallican – France, Mozarabic (Visigothic) – Spain, Old Roman, Ambrosian, and Sarum use – England (Norton, 2002) and was influenced by national differences. The second council in 381 had excluded non-Christian singing, for Christian music, enjoying the freedom for decades, had been loosing its vitality and simplicity. 100 years later, Manlius Severinus Boethius had written a five-volume book on music – De institutione musica (Fundamentals of Music) – where he had concluded writings and findings of Greek authors (Nicomachus, Ptolemy, Pythagoras, Euclid and Aristoxenus). Boethius had divided music into three categories: musica mundane – described the universe, planets, seasons – music of the spheres; musica humana – described the interrelations of body and soul; musica instrumentalis – described music performed with the help of instrument or voice (Norton, 2002). He claimed that music must be a representation of harmony, knowledge, and order. St. Ambrose and St. Gregory the Great played the most significant role in the development of early Christian music – they have left the patterns, which are now called Ambrosian and Gregorian chants, though the founders themselves had no intention to establish a canon. Ambrose, the bishop of Milan, realized the need to enrich the monotonous hymn’s â€Å"Early Christian Music† â€Å"Page #3† performance and wrote a number of hymns for his church, which reproduce the psalms of David in verses. He depicted bright images, using a manifold oratorical language of Cicerone, Horatio and Vergilius. His music was simple and close to folk’s one. He introduced antiphonal singing, known in Jerusalem Temple, which represents a by-turn psalm singing of soloist, while the rest of congregation is refraining (antiphon) the verses. Besides, Ambrose had put a foundation for eight voice chorus in the West. The original form of Ambrosian chant is still kept in native Milan. Pope St. Gregory I, a son of roman Senator, who refused to serve these worldly passions, and, having sold his possessions, entered the St. Andrew’s monastery, became the first monk, who was elected to be the pope. Being devoted to liturgy, which was aimed at prayer and teaching, he advanced the plain singing as a sacred music and stressed on the importance of church music as an outer manifestation of faith that can raise man’s heart to spiritual level. This form of monophonic chant became a standard of monastery (Office) and public (the Mass) worship, as well as other services, and had been sung by choirs. This very chant had replaced Old Roman chant in Rome and has been revised and developed until the tenth century A. D. The singing itself started with â€Å"halleluiah† – the victorious exclamation of Christians after two and a half centuries of persecution. Its best samples were composed at the end of 5th century (between the invasions of Goths and Lombards), in the epoch of wars, destructions, plagues, famine, disasters – such horrifying that Gregory supposed them to be the signs of the end and presages of the Last Judgment. Yet, this singing is filled with peace and faith for the future. Therefore, the Early Christian Music was written in times of persecutions and hardships and was aimed to inspire and give faith to believers. That is why the chants and hymns of that time still restore the souls of mankind and are the basis for main services in the most of Christian world. Works Cited: Holy Bible, King James Version. Plume, 1974. Norton, W. â€Å"Music in the Early Christian Church†. Concise History of Western Music. 2002. W. W. Norton & Company. 11 Apr 2008 . Ward, Justine. â€Å"The Reform of Church Music†. The Atlantic Monthly 04 1906 1-10. 11 Apr 2008 .

LOM Assignment

â€Å"Lung conditions caused by 9/11† Write about the different types of lung conditions being found as a result of 9/11. We all remember the effects of this horrible day on September 11, 2001; but what we don’t know is the effects it still had on so many after the tragedy ended. When the towers of the World Trade Center collapsed it produced a dense could of smoke and vaporized concrete and drywall. New York City Fire Department rescue workers were exposed to polluted air- as well as dust and diesel exhaust that accompanied the rescues effort, this had reduced there lung function in weeks and months following the attack.Now a new study in the â€Å"New England Journal of Medicine† report that the lung impairment they observed in the rescue workers appears to be lasting. Firefighters, Emergency Medical personnel continued to have decreased lung function up to seven years after 9/11. They found most of this group suffered from â€Å"Chronic Bronchitis, Asthma, Lu ng Cancer, Mesothelioma, Tuberculosis, and Sarcoidosis† (especially prevalent among recovery and clean-up workers); 9/11 also exposed some people to having GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disorder) they addressed these declines with regular monitoring and aggressive treatment.In 2001 and 2002 the lung function of more than 12,000 fire fighters, rescue workers who were at Ground Zero had there lung functions measured, comparing the results to lung function tests given to the same group before 9/11 as a part as their department physicals. On average the lung function of the workers declined by an amount equivalent to twelve years of natural aging. In new studies, researchers continued to follow these fire fighters and medical personnel for an average of six years measuring there lung function every twelve to eighteen months to see if the initial decline persisted.They were surprised to find â€Å"little or no† improvement in average lung function, according to the study. Th e persistent decline in lung function has potential short-term consequences, it places them at higher risk for shortness of breath, cough, wheeze and impairments in their ability to exercise and perform physically demanding jobs. A lot of these heroes are now unable to work because of these long term conditions of this horrible tragedy.

Reflections on Federal Immigration Policy essay

Reflections on Federal Immigration Policy essay Reflections on Federal Immigration Policy essay Reflections on Federal Immigration Policy essayThe major current federal immigration policy issues include illegal immigration, overcrowding, investment policy issues, national security and terrorism, and other issues. As the United States is considered to be the nation of immigrants, the federal immigration policy should be well-developed to address the needs of American citizens (Theodoulou    Kofinis, 2013).   Moreover, the federal immigration policy is closely connected with employment issues because those people who come to the United States with the intention to work and stay there should be useful to our state. In addition, racial and religious biases are linked to immigration policy. I feel concerned about related issues that relate to current federal immigration policy.Undoubtedly, if anything is changing in the current federal immigration policy, it will affect me personally because I am an American citizen and any changes in the governmental policies may have either po sitive or negative consequences for me, my family and the whole American society. For example, the permission to continue illegal immigration may have negative impact on my employment, security and even my health.My thoughts prior to reading this week’s reading assignments were vague about the nature immigration policy. Now I realize that it is necessary to understand the complexity of the immigration policy making process. The U.S. government should address the needs and requirements of citizens, providing the proper opportunities for the development of the nation in today’s global context. Immigration issues should not lead to economic decline of the country. As a result, it is necessary to follow current federal immigration laws. In general, my perspective has been reinforced now that I am more informed. I realize that illegal immigration is an issue of public concern that requires adequate response of the U.S. government.

How To Install Microsoft Access 2013

How To Install Microsoft Access 2013 Due to its widespread availability and flexible functionality, Microsoft Access is arguably the most popular database software in use today. Here we explain the Access 2013 installation process in a straightforward manner.  In order to install Access, youll need Access or Office installer (on CD or downloaded file). If you are trying to install an earlier version of Microsoft Access, see ​our guide on installing Microsoft Access 2010. Heres How Verify that your system meets the basic requirements for Access. Youll need at least a 1GHz  or faster processor with 1GB of RAM. Youll also need at least 3GB of free hard disk space.Ensure that your operating system is up-to-date. Youll need Windows 7 or later to run Access 2013. Its a good idea to apply all security updates and hotfixes to your system before installing access by visiting the Microsoft Updates site.Launch the Office installer.  If you are working from a downloaded copy of Office, open the file that you downloaded from Microsoft.  If you are using an installation disc, insert it in your optical drive. The installation process will begin automatically and ask you to wait while the system connects to your account.You will then be prompted to sign in to your Microsoft account.  You may choose to provide your account information by clicking the orange Sign In button or you may opt to bypass this process by clicking the No thanks, maybe later link.The installer wi ll then ask you if you wish to learn more about whats new in Office 2013.  You may choose to view this information by clicking the Take a look button or bypass this step by clicking the No thanks  link. Youll then be asked to wait a few minutes while the Office 2013 installer completes its work.When the installation completes, you may be prompted to restart your computer. Go ahead and do so.When your computer restarts, the first thing you should do is visit the Microsoft Update site  to download any security patches for Access. This is a critical step.

LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

LAW - Essay Example ion that the instigation of such action following the latest complaint has not been properly conducted as you have not been given the opportunity to amend your conduct in the workplace and improve your attendance times. In order to best advise you on this matter I have outlined below the relevant statutes which I believe would assist your claim against the Bus Company and have outlined case authority which could be relied on to support your claim. Under the above Regulation employers now have a direct requirement to ensure that they have a disciplinary procedure in place that meets the requirements as stipulated. These Regulations require the employer to adhere to the disciplinary procedures before an employee can be dismissed. There are 2 procedures that can be applied; the standard procedure and the modified procedure. These have been incorporated into the Employment Act 2002. Schedule II of the Employment Act 2002 details the procedures both for the modified route and the standard procedure and is defined as the dismissal and disciplinary procedure. The employer must set out in writing the alleged conduct of the employee or the characteristics or other circumstances which has led the employer to contemplate such action. The employer is under a duty to send the statement or a copy of it to the employee and invite them to attend a meeting to discuss the matter. The employee must have had a reasonable opportunity to consider his response to the information given. It is the responsibility of the employee to ensure that he attends the meeting. Directly following the meeting the employer has a duty to notify the employee of the decision they have made and they should inform the employee at this point of his right to appeal if he disagrees with the decision. Lodging an appeal is the responsibility of the employee, and he is under a duty to notify his employer of his intention to appeal. Once notified the employer should arrange a further meeting between himself and

Disfunctional equals to monsters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Disfunctional equals to monsters - Essay Example The monster is a part of the human psyche, a manifestation of what is not the same, threatening to the status quo, or oppressive. Human pain is the central core to identifying and defining the concept of the ‘monster’, and in the relationship that is between the monster and victim, it is not always the perceived monster that holds the true evil. It is the fear of the unknown that is the core of the relationship between the monster and the victim. In the film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarves (1937), the dwarves determine that the creature under the sheet, which is actually Snow White, is a monster, and they determine before knowing what is under the sheet that they will kill it and chop it to pieces. All they knew was that the creature was an invader with an unknown intent, and the instinctual response was to destroy it without prejudice. This is the relationship that the unknown has with culture, representing something to fear and to despise without understanding anythi ng of the motivations that have brought the creature into existence. It is the fear of what it represents that gives the monster power while at the same time stealing from it its humanity, regardless of the level of humanity on which it relies. A monster may be a creature that is more animal, which would then deserve the compassion of humanity, or it may be a humanoid who seeks to belong and in its rejection, rebels with violent retribution. Regardless of its form, the monster/human relationship is one of the unknown as it threatens the known. According to Briefel â€Å"It is the monster’s pain that determines audience positioning in the horror film† (16). Take note it is the monster’s pain, not that of the victims who has creates the relationship. Briefel goes on to discuss the series of masochistic acts that are the predecessors to the eventual acts that the monster commits against victims. As an example, in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931), the doctor administe rs a potion that gives him both extreme pain and satisfying pleasure, enough so that he takes the potion repeatedly as he turns into the monster. Freddy Krueger in the Nightmare on Elm Street series created by Wes Craven self-mutilates throughout the series, horrifying his potential victims with the pain that ripping of his own flesh, removing fingers or slicing open his own head (Briefel 17). In the case of Freddy Krueger, the self-mutilation serves as a point of alienation, his apparent lack of feeling in contrast to the threshold of pain that has been far exceeded by the average audience member. In the case of the character of Dr. Jekyll, his monstrosity is in his addiction to the power that is created when he is Mr. Hyde, the alienation from the audience created through the contrast he makes to the choices that the audience might make, but his allure through the temptation that he represents. In this way, the connection becomes one of both revulsion and fascination, the desire t o give into darker impulses fulfilled by the conscious, hideous choices of the monstrous representation. For many monsters, however, being a monster is not a choice but something that is imposed upon them and the true monstrosity is in the reactions of those who must cope with the presence of a creature that is